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From PHP5, you can also write PHP code in an object-oriented style.

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Object-Oriented programming is faster and easier to execute.

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OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

Procedural programming is about writing procedures or functions that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and functions.

Object-oriented programming has several advantages over procedural programming:

• OOP is faster and easier to execute
• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
• OOP helps to keep the PHP code DRY “Don’t Repeat Yourself”, and makes the code easier to maintain, modify and debug
• OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time

Tip: The “Don’t Repeat Yourself” (DRY) principle is about reducing the repetition of code. You should extract out the codes that are common for the application, and place them at a single place and reuse them instead of repeating it.

PHP – What are Classes and Objects?

Classes and objects are the two main aspects of object-oriented programming.

Look at the following illustration to see the difference between class and objects:

So, a class is a template for objects, and an object is an instance of a class.

When the individual objects are created, they inherit all the properties and behaviors from the class, but each object will have different values for the properties.

Concepts of OOP

Let us try to understand a little about all these, through a simple example. Human Beings are living forms, broadly categorized into two types, Male and Female. Right? Its true. Every Human being(Male or Female) has two legs, two hands, two eyes, one nose, one heart etc. There are body parts that are common for Male and Female, but then there are some specific body parts, present in a Male which are not present in a Female, and some body parts present in Female but not in Males.

All Human Beings walk, eat, see, talk, hear etc. Now again, both Male and Female, performs some common functions, but there are some specifics to both, which is not valid for the other. For example : A Female can give birth, while a Male cannot, so this is only for the Female.

Human Anatomy is interesting, isn’t it? But let’s see how all this is related to PHP and OOPS. Here we will try to explain all the OOPS concepts through this example and in the next tutorial, we will have the technical definitons for all this.

Class

Here we can take Human Being as a class. A class is a blueprint for any functional entity which defines its properties and its functions. Like Human Being, having body parts, and performing various actions.

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Inheritance

Considering HumanBeing a class, which has properties like hands, legs, eyes etc, and functions like walk, talk, eat, see etc. Male and Female are also classes, but most of the properties and functions are included in HumanBeing, hence they can inherit everything from class HumanBeing using the concept of Inheritance.

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Objects

My name is Abhishek, and I am an instance/object of class Male. When we say, Human Being, Male or Female, we just mean a kind, you, your friend, me we are the forms of these classes. We have a physical existence while a class is just a logical definition. We are the objects.

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Abstraction

Abstraction means, showcasing only the required things to the outside world while hiding the details. Continuing our example, Human Being’s can talk, walk, hear, eat, but the details are hidden from the outside world. We can take our skin as the Abstraction factor in our case, hiding the inside mechanism.

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Encapsulation

This concept is a little tricky to explain with our example. Our Legs are binded to help us walk. Our hands, help us hold things. This binding of the properties to functions is called Encapsulation.

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Polymorphism

Polymorphism is a concept, which allows us to redefine the way something works, by either changing how it is done or by changing the parts using which it is done. Both the ways have different terms for them.

Defining PHP Classes

The general form for defining a new class in PHP is as follows −

<?php
   class phpClass {
      var $var1;
      var $var2 = "constant string";
      
      function myfunc ($arg1, $arg2) {
         [..]
      }
      [..]
   }
?>

Here is the description of each line −

• The special form class, followed by the name of the class that you want to define.
• A set of braces enclosing any number of variable declarations and function definitions.
• Variable declarations start with the special form var, which is followed by a conventional $ variable name; they may also have an initial assignment to a constant value.
• Function definitions look much like standalone PHP functions but are local to the class and will be used to set and access object data.