What is a Test Case?

Test Case/s is a specific set of instructions which the tester is expected to follow to achieve a specific output. Test cases are documented keeping in mind the requirements provided by the client.

Who all are supposed to create test cases?

Even though the test cases are widely used by testers across the world, process oriented organizations get unit test cases prepared by developers also.

What aspects does a test case contain?

1) Objective:

Here the tester mentions what he plans to achieve with that particular test case.

2) Steps to Follow:

Here the tester mentions the steps that need to be followed to achieve the objective.

3) Expected Output:

 Here the tester mentions the output which is expected as per the requirements provided.

4) Actual Output: 

 Here the tester mentions the actual output achieved by following the steps.

5) Pass/ Fail:

f the tester fails to achieve the ‘Expected Output’ by following the steps then he will mention ‘Fail’ against that particular test case. Similarly, if the tester is able to achieve the ‘Expected Output’ then he will mention ‘Pass’ against the test case.

What is the importance of a test case?

While planning the test process for a Product/ Module, its imperative to be sure that the testers are aware of when to sign off the functionality delivered by the developer. Many a times its observed that even after days of testing, the testers are not sure whether they have covered all the scenarios complementing the expectations set by the client. This results in lots of time being wasted in uncertainty. One of the best practises followed to avoid this situation is to get the test cases prepared in advance. The test cases should be covering all known scenarios (at least the positive scenarios) to test the product/ module.

By having the test cases prepared in advance, the testers have a clear picture of what expectations need to be achieved in order to give a final sign off. Also, if the test cases are shared with or reviewed by client then they too can provide their feedback and the test cases can be updated.Eventually, having the test cases ready especially in case of large module or products can help is convincing the client about the quality of the product 

Another importance of having a test case is to ensure uninterrupted software testing. Having a test case helps the tester recall the functionality when it comes back for testing after a long gap. Also, if any tester is assigned to test a product already in place then the test cases will help in making sure that the new tester does not miss any scenario.

From all the points mentioned above it clear that though writing test case seems like a tedious task, its importance outweighs its drawbacks.